Metodologia para gestão integrada da qualidade, meio ambiente, saúde e segurança no trabalho

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico.As metas de produtividade, progressivamente mais desafiadoras, requerem que as organizações maximizem sua eficiência. Com a crescente pressão nas empresas para se fazer mais com menos, várias delas estão vendo a integração dos sistemas de gestão como uma excelente oportunidade para reduzir custos com o desenvolvimento e manutenção de sistemas separados, ou de inúmeros programas e ações que, na maioria das vezes, se superpõem e acarretam gastos desnecessários. O trabalho apresenta uma metodologia de um sistema de gestão integrada para empresas reunindo um conjunto de pessoas, recursos, política e procedimentos que interagem de forma organizada para assegurar que todas as atividades e processos da organização sejam executadas com qualidade, em harmonia com o meio ambiente e sem riscos à saúde e segurança das pessoas. Está baseado nas normas NBR ISO 9001, NBR ISO 14001 e no Guia BS 8800

ZONEAMENTO AMBIENTAL DA MICROBACIA HIDROGRÁFICA DO AÇUDE DA CACHOEIRA – CEARÁ, BRASIL

ENVIRONMENTAL ZONING OF MICRO WATERSHED AÇUDE DA CACHOEIRA – CEARÁ, BRAZILZONIFICACIÓN AMBIENTAL DE LA MICRO CUENCA HIDROGRÁFICA DEL AÇUDE DA CACHOEIRA – CEARÁ, BRASILRESUMOA bacia hidrográfica, considerada como um conjunto de terras drenadas por um corpo d’água principal e seus afluentes, representa a unidade mais apropriada para o estudo qualitativo e quantitativo dos recursos hídricos, sendo uma unidade ambiental que possibilita tratar dos componentes e da dinâmica das inter-relações necessárias ao planejamento e à gestão ambiental. Os impactos de degradação em bacias hidrográficas são advindos dos múltiplos usos, má gestão e ações antrópicas, sendo necessários o controle e a regulação de ocupação do solo visando à manutenção da qualidade, quantidade e regularidade da água para seus diversos usos. Dessa forma, o presente estudo teve por objetivo realizar a delimitação da Microbacia Açude da Cachoeira – MAC, localizada em maior parte no município de Aurora, estado do Ceará, bem como identificar e discutir dados gerais sobre a rede de drenagem, os parâmetros morfométricos, carta temática hidrográfica, relevo e Áreas de Preservação Permanente – APP’s. Os dados foram obtidos por meio do software gratuito QGIS com auxílio da ferramenta Google Earth Pro para a determinação da microbacia e rede de drenagem, além da delimitação das APP’s dos corpos hídricos e análise das potencialidades. Como resultados, constatou-se que a rede de drenagem da MAC apresenta baixa distribuição do escoamento, no qual oferece um menor risco a enchentes em picos de intensidades chuvosas. Além disso, seus canais de drenagem dispõem de um ordenamento hídrico de quarta ordem e seu escoamento global a classifica como uma bacia endorreica.Palavras-chave: Análise Morfométrica; Rede de Drenagem; Semiárido Brasileiro.ABSTRACTThe watershed, considered as a set of lands drained by a main body of water and its tributaries, represents the most appropriate unit for the qualitative and quantitative study of water resources, being an environmental unit that allows to treat the components and use the necessary interrelationships for environmental planning and management. The impacts of degradation in watersheds are the result of multiple uses, mismanagement and anthropic actions, requiring the control and regulation of land occupation in order to maintain the quality, quantity and regularity of water for its various uses. Thus, the present study aimed to delineate the Açude da Cachoeira watershed - ACMW, located mostly in the municipality of Aurora, Ceará state, as well as to identify and discuss general data about the drainage network, the morphometric parameters, hydrographic thematic chart, relief and Permanent Preservation Areas – PPA’s. The data were obtained through the free software QGIS with the aid of the Google Earth Pro tool for the determination of the micro watershed and drainage network, as well as the delimitation of water bodies PPA’s and potentiality analysis. As a result, it was found that the ACMW drainage network has low runoff distribution, which offers a lower risk of flooding at rainy peak. In addition, its drainage channels have a fourth order water structure and its global flow classifies it as an endorheic basin.Keywords: Morphometric Analysis; Drainage Network; Brazilian Semiarid.RESUMENLa cuenca hidrográfica, considerada como un conjunto de tierras drenadas por un cuerpo principal de agua y sus afluentes, representa la unidad más apropiada para el estudio cualitativo y cuantitativo de los recursos hídricos, siendo una unidad ambiental que permite tratar dos componentes de las interrelaciones dinámicas necesarias para la planificación y gestión ambiental. Los impactos de la degradación en las cuencas hidrográficas son el resultado de múltiples usos, mala gestión y acciones antrópicas, que requieren el control y la regulación de la ocupación de la tierra para mantener la calidad, cantidad y regularidad del agua para sus diversos usos. Por lo tanto, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo delinear la micro cuenca hidrográfica del Açude da cachoeira- MHAC, ubicada principalmente en el municipio de Aurora, estado de Ceará, así como identificar y discutir datos generales sobre la red de drenaje, los parámetros morfométricos, carta temática hidrográfica, relieve y áreas de preservación permanente - APP's. Los datos se obtuvieron a través del software gratuito QGIS con la ayuda de la herramienta Google Earth Pro para la determinación de la red de micro cuencas y drenaje, además de la delimitación de las aplicaciones de los cuerpos de agua y el análisis de las potencialidades. Como resultado, se descubrió que la red de drenaje MHAC tiene una baja distribución de escorrentía, lo que ofrece un menor riesgo de inundación en el pico lluvioso. Además, sus canales de drenaje tienen un ordenamiento hidrico de cuarto orden y su flujo global lo clasifica como una microcuenca endorreica.Palabras clave: Análisis Morfométrico; Red de Drenaje; Semiárido Brasileño

Statement of Second Brazilian Congress of Mechanical Ventilarion : part I

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Biomass burning in the Amazon region: Aerosol source apportionment and associated health risk assessment

International audienceThe Brazilian Amazon represents about 40% of the world's remaining tropical rainforest. However, human activities have become important drivers of disturbance in that region. The majority of forest fire hotspots in the Amazon arc due to deforestation are impacting the health of the local population of over 10 million inhabitants. In this study we characterize western Amazonia biomass burning emissions through the quantification of 14 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), Organic Carbon, Elemental Carbon and unique tracers of biomass burning such as levoglucosan. From the PAHs dataset a toxic equivalence factor is calculated estimating the carcinogenic and mutagenic potential of biomass burning emissions during the studied period. Peak concentration of PM10 during the dry seasons was observed to reach 60 μg m−3 on the 24 h average. Conversely, PM10 was relatively constant throughout the wet season indicating an overall stable balance between aerosol sources and sinks within the filter sampling resolution. Similar behavior is identified for OC and EC components. Levoglucosan was found in significant concentrations (up to 4 μg m−3) during the dry season. Correspondingly, the estimated lung cancer risk calculated during the dry seasons largely exceeded the WHO health-based guideline. A source apportionment study was carried out through the use of Absolute Principal Factor Analysis (APFA), identifying a three-factor solution. The biomass burning factor is found to be the dominating aerosol source, having 75.4% of PM10 loading. The second factor depicts an important contribution of several PAHs without a single source class and therefore was considered as mixed sources factor, contributing to 6.3% of PM10. The third factor was mainly associated with fossil fuel combustion emissions, contributing to 18.4% of PM10. This work enhances the knowledge of aerosol sources and its impact on climate variability and local population, on a site representative of the deforestation which occupies a significant fraction of the Amazon basin

QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE ELDERLY DOMICILED IN CARPINA (PERNAMBUCO STATE, BRAZIL) DETERMINED BY BARTHEL INDEX

The objective of this study was to determine the quality of life in elderly Health Family Units (HFU) in Carpina (PE, Brazil) evaluated by Barthel Index and application of geostatistical tools. The main conclusions are the Barthel Index characterized the elderly of municipality as independent, with scattered cases of dependency in the elderly, being directly related frameworks of advanced age; the sampling scheme was not sufficient to detect the spatial variability of the data

Effect of concentrate: voluminous ratio on the performance of Santa Inês lambs Efeitos da relação concentrado: volumoso sobre o desempenho de cordeiros Santa Inês

The experiment was carried out in the sheep division of Universidade Federal de Lavras, aiming to evaluate the effect of different concentrate : voluminous ratio on the performance of Santa Inês lamb after wean. 40 lambs, male uncastrated, were used and fed with four different diets: diet A (100% concentrate), diet B (75:25 concentrate : voluminous) , diet C (50:50 concentrate : voluminous) , diet D (25:75 concentrate : voluminous). The experimental diets were isoproteic, differing only on its levels of concentrate : voluminous and balanced to meet the nutritional demands according to the recommendation of the Agricultural Research Council (1980). The experimental period was not pre-established, because it corresponded to the necessary period for the last lamb to reach the live weight of 35kg. The dry matter consumption (DMC), crude protein consumption (CPC), fiber in neutral detergent consumption (FNDC) and fiber in acid detergent consumption (FADC), were affected by the different concentrate : voluminous ratio, in which, the animals that received diets with higher concentrate inclusion presenting better results for the variables related to the development. The lambs fed with the diet containing higher inclusion of voluminous did not present weight gain, on the contrary, presented weight loss, since none of the animals reached slaughter weight and the mortality rate was extremely high (80%).<br>O experimento foi conduzido no Setor de Ovinocultura da Universidade Federal de Lavras, com o objetivo de avaliar os efeitos das diferentes relações concentrado:volumoso sobre o desempenho de cordeiros Santa Inês após o desmame. Foram utilizados 40 cordeiros, machos não castrados, que foram alimentados com quatro dietas: dieta A (100% concentrado), dieta B (75:25 concentrado:volumoso), dieta C (50:50 concentrado:volumoso) e dieta D (25:75 concentrado:volumoso). As dietas experimentais foram iso-protéicas, diferenciando apenas em seus níveis de concentrado:volumoso e foram balanceadas para atender às exigências nutricionais segundo as recomendações do Agricultural Research Council (1980). O período experimental não teve duração pré-fixada, pois correspondeu ao período necessário para que o último cordeiro atingisse o peso vivo de 35 Kg. Os consumos de matéria seca (CMS), consumos de proteína bruta (CPB), consumos de fibra em detergente neutro (CFDN) e consumos de fibra em detergente ácido (CFDA), foram afetados pelas diferentes relações de concentrado:volumoso, sendo que, os animais alimentados com dietas com maior inclusão de concentrado apresentaram os melhores resultados para as variáveis relativas ao desenvolvimento. Os cordeiros alimentados com a dieta com maior inclusão de volumoso não apresentaram ganho de peso, pelo contrário, apresentaram perda de peso, sendo que nenhum animal chegou ao peso de abate e a mortalidade foi extremamente alta (80%)

Urban pollution greatly enhances formation of natural aerosols over the Amazon rainforest.

One of the least understood aspects in atmospheric chemistry is how urban emissions influence the formation of natural organic aerosols, which affect Earth's energy budget. The Amazon rainforest, during its wet season, is one of the few remaining places on Earth where atmospheric chemistry transitions between preindustrial and urban-influenced conditions. Here, we integrate insights from several laboratory measurements and simulate the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in the Amazon using a high-resolution chemical transport model. Simulations show that emissions of nitrogen-oxides from Manaus, a city of ~2 million people, greatly enhance production of biogenic SOA by 60-200% on average with peak enhancements of 400%, through the increased oxidation of gas-phase organic carbon emitted by the forests. Simulated enhancements agree with aircraft measurements, and are much larger than those reported over other locations. The implication is that increasing anthropogenic emissions in the future might substantially enhance biogenic SOA in pristine locations like the Amazon

Urban pollution greatly enhances formation of natural aerosols over the Amazon rainforest.

One of the least understood aspects in atmospheric chemistry is how urban emissions influence the formation of natural organic aerosols, which affect Earth's energy budget. The Amazon rainforest, during its wet season, is one of the few remaining places on Earth where atmospheric chemistry transitions between preindustrial and urban-influenced conditions. Here, we integrate insights from several laboratory measurements and simulate the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) in the Amazon using a high-resolution chemical transport model. Simulations show that emissions of nitrogen-oxides from Manaus, a city of ~2 million people, greatly enhance production of biogenic SOA by 60-200% on average with peak enhancements of 400%, through the increased oxidation of gas-phase organic carbon emitted by the forests. Simulated enhancements agree with aircraft measurements, and are much larger than those reported over other locations. The implication is that increasing anthropogenic emissions in the future might substantially enhance biogenic SOA in pristine locations like the Amazon